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美國移民新紀元,5件要知道的事情
流覽次數:3174    添加時間:2017/11/13    來源:移投路

美國移民法的改變一般被認為是在國會層面,在公眾討論移民在本國和經濟中的作用之後。然而,美國國土安全部("國土安全部")和美國國務院("聯邦")等政府機構,如美國公民身份和移民服務("移民局"),有權在沒有任何立法行動的情況下改變政策。這項權利由國會提供授權。
 
總統特朗普已指示USCIS和DOS使用這一權力,以改變他們如何裁決美國人的移民福利。美國司法部長甚至攻擊移民律師是"dirty immigration lawyers",譴責其幫助尋求庇護者在複雜的移民系統中前行。
 
此外,特朗普總統任命了以前曾為美國移民改革聯合會(“FAIR”,一個非營利組織, 被視為限制性的宣導團體)工作的人士,為移民局的高級官員。

以下五件事,瞭解這個新時代的美國移民態勢:
 
1、No Deference to Prior Immigration Approvals. USCIS announced on October 23, 2017 that it would no longer defer to prior determinations of eligibility when adjudicating petition extensions involving the same parties and underlying facts as the initial petition. Employers should be ready to provide the same level of documentation for an amendment or extension as they did for an initial application.
 
參考譯文:1、不遵從以前的移民批准。移民局在2017年10月23日宣佈,對涉及同一當事方和基本事實的請願延期進行裁決時,它將不再依據最初請願書的事先裁定。雇主應準備為修改或延期提供與最初申請相同的檔。
 
2、In-Person Interviews for Employment-Based Adjustment of Status Applicants. USCIS announced that it would expand in-person interviews for adjustment of status applications based on employment starting October 1, 2017. Previously, applicants did not require an in-person interview with USCIS officers in order for their application for permanent residency to be adjudicated. Adjustment of status applicants should be prepared for longer processing times.
 
參考譯文:2、職業移民增加面試環節。移民局宣佈,將從2017年10月1日開始擴大職業移民身份調整申請要求面簽的範圍。以前,申請者申請永久居留時,不需要與移民局官員面談。
 
3、Wholesale Use of Requests for Evidence (RFEs). USCIS is now issuing lengthy detailed requests for evidence contesting every issue and requiring unreasonable quantities of proof in regard to any application for an immigrant or non-immigrant visa or adjustment of status. Notably, USCIS has been issuing massive amounts of RFEs for H-1B applications as Congress has stalled reforms to the project, causing a tremendous headache for U.S. companies relying on foreign workers with specialized knowledge.
 
參考譯文:3、大量的RFE(補件通知)發出。移民局現在正在發出冗長的詳細的請求,要求對每一個問題提出異議,並要求對移民或非移民簽證的申請或地位的調整提出大量的證據提供。值得注意的是,截至目前,美國移民局已經對H-1B申請發出了大量的補件通知,因為國會已經停止了對該專案的改革,而這給依賴於特殊領域的外國員工的公司造成了很多麻煩。
 
4、Buy American, Hire American. USCIS has been working on a combination of rulemaking, policy memoranda, and operational changes to implement the Buy American and Hire American Executive Order by President Trump. DOS is adjudicating nonimmigrant visa applications with the goal to “create higher wages and employment rates for workers in the United States, and to protect their economic interests.” Immigration petitions should include an argument on how the issuance of a visa or other immigration benefit promotes these policy goals.
 
參考譯文:4、購買美國,雇用美國。美國移民局一直在制定規則、政策備忘錄和實行改革的結合,以實現總統特朗普的購買美國人和雇傭美國行政命令。DOS正在審理非移民簽證申請,目的是"為美國工人創造更高的工資和就業率,並保護他們的經濟利益。移民請願書應考慮,簽證或其他移民福利的發放如何促進“雇傭美國人、買美國貨”這項政策目標的達成。
 
5、A Culture of “No” to a Culture of “Gotcha”. Obtaining U.S. immigration benefits has never been simple, but USCIS and DOS have moved away from merely denying applications to trying to catch applicants for misrepresentations and fraud. DOS now closely reviews prior visa applications (DS-160s) to check for consistency with current applications (for example, prior employment). USCIS is checking prior Form I-9s completed by foreign nationals decades ago to see if any false claims to U.S. citizenship exist. This is also a troublesome area for U.S. companies that use foreign workers; for example, the U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”) and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (“ICE”) announced in September 2017 that a U.S. company would pay $95 million to settle both criminal and civil immigration charges stemming from the company’s hiring and rehiring of undocumented workers over a six-year period.
 
參考譯文:5、(...)獲得美國移民福利從來都不是簡單的,但移民局和DOS已經不再僅僅是拒絕申請,而是試圖找出申請人的虛假陳述和欺詐。DOS現在密切審查以前的簽證申請(DS-160s),以檢查與當前申請的一致性。美國移民局正在核對數十年前外國僑民完成的I-9s,看看是否有任何虛假存在。對於使用外國工人的美國公司來說,這是相當麻煩的。例如,美國司法部("司法部")和美國移民和海關執法("ICE")宣佈,美國公司若在過去六年間雇用無證工人,將支付9500萬美元,以解決刑事和民事移民的指控。
 
當然,自從特朗普總統任期開始以來,還有許多其他移民政策發生了變化,包括但不限於"旅行禁令"、邊界隔離牆、取消對兒童抵達的推遲行動(“DACA"令)、限制尋求庇護者的過程,並限制非法來美國的舉目無親的未成年人的保護。在新的移民環境下,外國國民和尋求合格的外國勞工的美國公司都應該尋求最好的律師的指導來避免麻煩。
 
原文出處:
https://wolfsdorf.com/blog/new-era-u-s-immigration-5-things-know/
 
 
文章來源:移投路
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